Lai wa sai shaning 50 ning daram hta, semiconductor arung arai ni gaw nhtoi hpe shapraw lu ai ngu ai madung machye machyang hpe masha ni chye na da sai rai nna, shawng ningnan lang dut mari mai ai diode hpe 1960 ning hta galaw shapraw wa sai.LED ngu ai gaw Light Emitting Diode ngu ai ga si hpe kadun dawk tsun ai re. Shi a madung hkrang gaw, n-gun ja ai semiconductor arai hpe lead frame ntsa kaw tawn da nna, dai hpang epoxy resin hte pat da nna, kata na core wire ni hpe makawp maga ya ai majaw, LED ni hpe kaja ai shock ninghkap lu ai atsam jaw ya ai.
Nhtoi-shapraw ai diode a core gaw p-hpan hte n-hpan semiconductor ni hte hpawng de da ai chip langai mi re. p-hpan hte n-hpan semiconductor lapran hta ap-n junction ngu ai galai shai ai layer nga ai. Semiconductor arai nkau mi a PN junction hta, bang da ai minority carrier ni gaw majority carrier ni hte bai hpawng de wa ai shaloi, grau law ai n-gun gaw nhtoi a hkrang hku nna pru wa nna, wan n-gun hpe nhtoi n-gun de hkrak sha galai shai kau ya ai. PN junction de reverse voltage bang ai shaloi, minority carrier ni hpe bang na matu yak ai majaw nhtoi n pru ai.
Ndai zawn re ai diode hpe injection electroluminescence ngu ai npawt tara hpe jai lang nna galaw ai rai nna, nhtoi-shapraw ai diode ngu shamying ma ai, LED ngu nna mung shamying ma ai. Shi gaw shawng de bungli galaw ai masa hta nga ai shaloi (dai gaw, shi a terminal ni hku nna shawng de na voltage hpe bang ai shaloi), LED anode kaw nna cathode de current lwi wa ai shaloi, semiconductor crystal gaw ultraviolet kaw nna infrared du hkra nsam amyu myu nga ai nhtoi hpe shapraw ya nna, nhtoi a n-gun gaw current hte matut mahkai nga ai.
