Shawng nnan hta LED ni hpe jak hte meter ni hta masat kumla nhtoi hku lang ma ai. Hpang e, nsam amyu myu lawm ai LED ni hpe lam hkawm ai nhtoi hte-area display kaba ni hta grai lang wa ai majaw, sut masa hte shinggyim nga pra masa hta grai akyu rawng wa ai. Ga shadawn, Amerikan mungdan na 12-inch galu ai hpraw ai lam nhtoi langai mi hta, shawng nnan hta, aten galu ai, n-gun n law ai 140-watt nhtoi htoi ai wan n-ga hpe nhtoi npawt hku lang nna, nhtoi hpraw 2000 lumens shapraw lu ai. Red filter hku lai ngut ai hpang, nhtoi 90% sum mat nna, nhtoi 200 lumens sha ngam mat ai. Shi a nnan galaw ai nhtoi hta, red LED 18 hpe lang nna, circuit sum ai lam ni lawm ai watts 14 sha jai lang ai, dai zawn re ai nhtoi htoi tu ai atsam hpe shapraw lu na matu.
Mawdaw signal nhtoi ni gaw LED nhtoi npawt ni a matu kaga ahkyak ai jai lang shara langai mi rai nga ai. 1987 ning hta, nye a mungdan gaw mawdaw ni hta tsaw ai-n-gun rawng ai brake wan ni hpe jung hpang wa sai. LED ni a lawan ai hku bai htang ai lawan ai majaw (nanosecond level) lawu na mawdaw ni a mawdaw gau ai ni hpe mawdaw gau ai masa hpe shawng chye shangun lu ai majaw, hpang -hpang maga de hkrat sum ai lam ni hpe shayawm ya lu ai.
Dai hta n-ga, LED nhtoi ni hpe shinggan na hpraw, hkyeng, hpraw nsam rawng ai-hkum tsup ai display ni, keychain-style mini flashlight ni, hte kaga shara ni hta lang ma ai.
Hpraw ai LED ni: Madung nhtoi a matu, hpraw ai nhtoi hpe grau ra sharawng ai. Hpraw ai LED ni hpe 1998 ning hta awng dang hkra galaw shapraw wa sai rai nna, ndai LED ni hpe GaN chip hte yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) hpe rau shinggrup nna galaw shapraw ai re.
GaN chip gaw nhtoi hpraw (λp{0}}nm, Wd=30nm) hpe shapraw ya ai. Ce3+-lawm ai YAG phosphor gaw, nbung katsi ai shara hta sinter galaw ai shaloi, ndai nhtoi hpraw hte n-gun ja wa ai shaloi, nhtoi hpraw hpe shapraw ya nna, n-gun kaba ai wavelength gaw 550nm rai nga ai. Dai blue LED substrate hpe bowl- hkrang bung ai nhtoi htoi tu ai n-gup magap langai mi hta bang nna, YAG hte kayau ai n-gup magap n-gup magap langai mi hte ka-up da nna, 200-500nm daram galu ai. LED substrate kaw na pru wa ai blue nhtoi daw mi hpe phosphor gaw hkap la nna ngam ai blue nhtoi gaw phosphor kaw na pru wa ai yellow nhtoi hte kayau nna nhtoi hpraw pru wa ai. InGaN/YAG hpraw LED ni a matu, YAG phosphor a chemical hpe galai shai nna, phosphor layer a n-gun hpe gram lajang ai hku nna, 3500-10000K lapran na nsam n-gun rawng ai hpraw ai nhtoi nsam amyu myu hpe lu la mai ai.
Table 1 hta ya aten hta nga ai hpraw ai LED amyu myu hte shanhte a nhtoi-shapraw ai npawt tara ni hpe ka da ai. Table hta mung, hpraw ai LED nhtoi n-gun amyu nkau mi gaw, phosphor mali hpe kam hpa nga ai hpe mu lu ai: madung nsam masum-rare-ga ntsa na hpraw, hpraw, hte hpraw phosphor-hpe, garnet hkrang rawng ai hpraw phosphor langai mi. Hpraw ai LED ni hpe shinggrup na matu RGB phosphors lawm ai n-gun n rawng ai ultraviolet chips ni hpe jai lang ai wavelength LED masum- gaw, hpaga lam hta jai lang na ahkaw ahkang nga na re ngu myit mada da ai. Raitim, ndai primary color phosphor masum a matu ra kadawn ai particle size hte stability gaw loi mi sha rai nna, shanhte a laksan jai lang ai lam ni hpe naw sawk sagawn nga ai.
Ya aten hta, shawng nnan lang hpaga yumga galaw ai gaw, YAG hpraw ai phosphor lawm ai blue single-chip LED rai nna, kaja dik htum nhtoi htoi ai atsam hpe 25 lumens/watt daram lu la ai. YAG hpe Japan mungdan na Nichia Corporation kaw na law malawng la sa ai rai nna, manu gaw Yuan/kg 2000 daram re. Lahkawng ngu na gaw, Japan mungdan na Sumitomo Electric Industries kaw nna ZnSe hpe lang nna galaw shapraw ai hpraw ai LED ni rai nna, nhtoi htoi ai atsam gaw n law ai.
